R7.2

Claim, Reference, and Representation

The form examines what the claim actually says, what it refers to, and where representation or interpretation adds something beyond the documented material.

Use

  1. Use one form per principal claim or clearly bounded chain of claims.
  2. Quote verbatim where wording is decisive.
  3. Always mark whether a formulation is a source, summary, interpretation, or implication.

Downloads

01

The Claim

Identify wording, speaker, context, and claim type.

Claim ID

Verbatim claim

Source, speaker, and date

Context and audience

Claim type

  • Factual
  • Normative
  • Legal
  • Causal
  • Prediction
  • Classification
  • Other
02

Reference and Grounds

Examine what the central words, figures, and categories refer to.

What is being referred to?

Documented grounds and source IDs

What is directly accessible, and what is mediated by others?

Missing or unavailable grounds

03

Representation and Interpretation

Keep the material distinct from summary, visualisation, interpretation, and implication.

How is the material represented?

Interpretation or assessment

What is implied without being stated directly?

Selection, omission, and possible loss

04

Strength and Transfer

Assess what the material supports and where the claim goes further.

Which part of the claim is supported?

Which part exceeds the grounds?

Conditions and limitations that must be made visible

Possible corrected formulation

Related documents

Suggested citation

Suggested citationVikesland, M. A. A. (2026). “R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation.” Røyndalism — R7 Resources, resource version 1.0.

APAVikesland, M. A. A. (2026). R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation (version 1.0). Røyndalism. https://royndalisme.no/en/reality-audit/resources/claim-reference-and-representation/

MLAVikesland, Martin A. A.. “R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation.” Røyndalism, version 1.0, Vikesland Press, 2026, https://royndalisme.no/en/reality-audit/resources/claim-reference-and-representation/.

ChicagoVikesland, Martin A. A.. “R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation.” Røyndalism. version 1.0. Vikesland Press, 2026. https://royndalisme.no/en/reality-audit/resources/claim-reference-and-representation/.

IEEEM. A. A. Vikesland, “R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation,” Røyndalism, version 1.0, Vikesland Press, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://royndalisme.no/en/reality-audit/resources/claim-reference-and-representation/

CSEVikesland MAA. 2026. R7.2 — Claim, Reference, and Representation. version 1.0. Røyndalism. Vikesland Press. Available from: https://royndalisme.no/en/reality-audit/resources/claim-reference-and-representation/

Check institutional requirements for access date, line breaks, and minor differences among style manuals.

V

Revision note

Document version
1.0
First published
18 June 2026
1.0

First public edition.